ADHD shortens life expectancy by up to 9 years, study finds

A study published in The British Journal of Psychiatry has found that adults diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a significantly shorter life expectancy compared to those without the condition. The research suggests that a combination of unmet medical needs, lifestyle factors, and health inequalities contribute to this worrying trend.

Key Findings of the Study

The study analyzed data from 30,039 individuals aged 18 or older with ADHD and compared them with 10 matched participants without the condition. The results showed that:

• Females with ADHD have an average life expectancy 8.64 years shorter than females without ADHD.
• Males with ADHD die 6.78 years earlier on average than males without the condition.
• Individuals with ADHD are significantly more likely to develop various health conditions, including:

1. Diabetes (17% increased risk in males, even higher in females)
2. Hypertension (27% higher risk)
3. Epilepsy (more than twice as likely)
4. Depression (more than twice as likely)
5. Personality disorders (over 10 times more likely)

Why ADHD Increases Mortality Risk

Experts believe the reduced life expectancy is not solely due to ADHD itself but rather its associated complications. Dr. Michelle Dees, a board-certified psychiatrist, explains that ADHD often coexists with anxiety and depression, leading to risk-taking behaviors such as self-harm and substance misuse. Additionally, challenges in maintaining stable employment, financial stress, and social isolation contribute to worsening health outcomes.

Dr. Barry K. Herman, another leading psychiatrist, notes that adults with ADHD are more likely to neglect their physical health, miss doctor appointments, and struggle with adherence to treatment plans. This further exacerbates their risk of chronic conditions and premature mortality.

The Call for Urgent Policy Changes

The study’s authors urge policymakers to address gaps in healthcare and support systems for individuals with ADHD. The United Kingdom, where the research was conducted, faces a lack of specialized medical support for ADHD patients. Experts stress the need for earlier diagnosis and continuous treatment to improve health outcomes and extend life expectancy.

Dr. Beata Lewis highlights the "ripple effect" of ADHD-related stress, comparing it to an engine running at high speed for too long. She explains that chronic stress and elevated cortisol levels can lead to inflammation, further accelerating the development of serious health conditions.

How to Support Individuals with ADHD

While systemic changes are essential, friends and family can play a crucial role in supporting those with ADHD. Experts suggest:

1. Encouraging healthy sleep habits and stress management techniques.
2. Helping individuals adhere to medical appointments and treatment plans.
3. Fostering open communication and providing a judgment-free environment.
4. Promoting routines and structured schedules to reduce stress.
5. Offering emotional support and advocating for ADHD awareness.

Final Thoughts

The study’s findings underscore the pressing need for comprehensive ADHD care, spanning mental health support, lifestyle interventions, and healthcare accessibility. By addressing these factors, it may be possible to mitigate the risks associated with ADHD and improve overall life expectancy for those living with the condition.