BEIJING: Chinese scientists have identified a new bat-derived coronavirus, HKU5-CoV-2, which exhibits the potential to infect humans similarly to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19.
The research, led by virologist Dr. Shi Zhengli—often referred to as "Batwoman" for her extensive work on bat viruses—was conducted at the Guangzhou Laboratory in collaboration with the Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan University. Their findings were published in the scientific journal Cell on February 18, 2025.
HKU5-CoV-2 was initially discovered in Japanese pipistrelle bats in Hong Kong. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that this virus can bind to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the same entry point utilized by SARS-CoV-2. This binding capability suggests a potential for cross-species transmission.
Further tests revealed that HKU5-CoV-2 can infect human cells and replicate in artificially grown lung and intestinal tissues. However, researchers emphasize that, despite its ability to enter human cells, HKU5-CoV-2 is less potent than SARS-CoV-2, indicating a lower risk of widespread human transmission.
Dr. Shi Zhengli, renowned for her work at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, has been a central figure in coronavirus research. The institute has previously faced scrutiny regarding the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic, with debates over potential lab leaks versus natural transmission. Dr. Shi has consistently refuted claims of a lab origin for SARS-CoV-2.
The discovery of HKU5-CoV-2 underscores the importance of vigilant surveillance of coronaviruses in wildlife, especially bats, to preempt potential zoonotic spillovers. While the immediate threat to public health is deemed low, continuous monitoring and research are essential to understand the virus's evolution and to develop preventive strategies.