JCU scientists stand out in global quest for new TB vaccine

LAHORE: James Cook University (JCU) scientists have made a significant breakthrough in the development of a new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, with three candidates selected to advance in a prestigious global vaccine tournament.
JCU group leader Associate Professor Andreas Kupz has revealed that his research team had developed one of six contenders competing in the tournament's first phase, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
“TB claimed 1.6 million lives globally in 2021, and the rise of drug-resistant strains is an increasing concern,” said Dr Kupz. “The current vaccine, BCG, has been in use since 1921 and is still widely administered to prevent TB in children. However, its efficacy diminishes during adolescence, leaving adults vulnerable to infection and transmission. There is an urgent need for a vaccine that provides enhanced immunity.”
In the initial phase, five research institutions produced six vaccine candidates, which underwent rigorous testing and were narrowed down to three. 
The next phase will assess these candidates based on updated criteria.
“The shortlisted vaccines will be evaluated for their efficacy against hypervirulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, their performance across diverse genetic backgrounds, and the long-term durability of their protection,” Dr Kupz explained.
Additionally, the JCU TB Vaccinology Group is investigating innovative delivery methods, including nasal and oral routes, similar to nasal sprays and asthma inhalers.
“While the technology to deliver a reliable intranasal TB vaccine is still in development, it presents a promising avenue,” Dr Kupz noted. “Such methods could improve accessibility and eliminate the discomfort associated with needle-based vaccinations, particularly for infants.”
Dr Kupz expressed optimism that JCU's vaccine would surpass its global competitors, but emphasised the greater goal: “If this tournament results in a viable replacement for BCG, regardless of its origin, it would be a monumental achievement.”