3D Mammograms are the future of breast cancer detection?

WASHINGTON: Women undergoing routine breast cancer screenings are increasingly being offered 3D mammograms, also known as digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). This advanced imaging technique has been gaining traction for its promise to enhance cancer detection while reducing false positives. But how does it compare to traditional mammograms, and can it truly save more lives?
Unlike conventional 2D mammograms, which capture two X-ray images of the breast (one from the top and one from the side), 3D mammograms take multiple X-ray images from various angles. These images are then reconstructed into thin slices, providing a more detailed, layer-by-layer view of the breast tissue.
“Think of it as slicing through a loaf of bread,” explained Dr. Kathryn Lowry, an associate professor of radiology at the University of Washington School of Medicine and a physician at Fred Hutch Cancer Center. “This approach allows us to examine each layer, helping to detect potential abnormalities that might otherwise be obscured in a 2D image.”
Emerging research suggests that DBT offers some significant advantages. According to studies, 3D mammograms may detect slightly more cancers than traditional methods while lowering the likelihood of false positives. False positives can lead to unnecessary stress, biopsies, and additional imaging.
Dr. Ilana Richman, an assistant professor at the Yale School of Medicine, noted, “By the time we fully understand the long-term impact of 3D mammography on cancer mortality, it will likely already be the standard screening tool.”
However, experts caution that while the technology shows promise, it’s still unclear whether detecting more cancers with DBT will lead to a significant reduction in breast cancer deaths. Screening is only one piece of the puzzle; early detection must translate into timely and effective treatment to improve survival rates.
The use of DBT has surged in recent years. Federal data reveals that nearly half of all mammography units in the United States are now equipped with tomosynthesis, and over 90% of breast imaging facilities offer the procedure.
This rapid adoption reflects the growing belief in the technology's potential to improve breast cancer screening outcomes. However, DBT may not be accessible to everyone due to its higher cost and limited availability in some regions.
While 3D mammograms offer a clearer view of breast tissue and may reduce callbacks for additional testing, not all medical facilities or insurance plans cover the procedure. Women should discuss their individual risk factors, family history, and screening options with their healthcare provider to determine whether 3D mammography is the right choice for them.
In the words of Dr. Richman, “It’s not just about better detection; it’s about ensuring that the additional findings lead to better outcomes for patients.”