The right way to use antibiotics: When to take them and when to skip them

Antibiotics are life-saving drugs that have revolutionized modern medicine, but their misuse is leading to a growing global health crisis: antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While antibiotics are essential for treating certain bacterial infections, they are ineffective against viral illnesses and should only be used when truly necessary.

When Are Antibiotics Needed?

Antibiotics work by killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics for bacterial infections such as:

• Strep throat – A bacterial infection causing throat pain and fever.
• Whooping cough – A severe respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis.
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) – Bacterial infections affecting the urinary system.

When to Skip Antibiotics

Not all infections require antibiotics. Many respiratory illnesses are caused by viruses, meaning antibiotics will not work. Some common viral infections include:

• Common cold – Caused by rhinoviruses, leading to nasal congestion and sore throat.
• Influenza (flu) – A contagious respiratory virus that can cause fever and body aches.
• COVID-19 – A viral infection affecting the respiratory system with varying severity.

Taking antibiotics when they are not needed can contribute to antibiotic resistance, making future bacterial infections harder to treat.

How to Take Antibiotics Responsibly

To ensure antibiotics work effectively, follow these guidelines:

• Take them exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
• Do not skip doses or stop treatment early, even if you feel better.
• Never share antibiotics or use leftover prescriptions.
• Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking to avoid harmful interactions.
• Report any unusual side effects to the FDA’s MedWatch program at 800-FDA-1088 or online.

The Global Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

The overuse and misuse of antibiotics contribute to AMR, where bacteria evolve to resist treatment. This can lead to:

• Longer and more severe illnesses.
• More frequent hospitalizations.
• Fewer treatment options for bacterial infections.
• Increased mortality rates from untreatable infections.

When antibiotics no longer work, even routine infections can become life-threatening. Proper antibiotic use is crucial in slowing the spread of resistance and preserving these life-saving drugs for future generations.

Final Thoughts: Use Antibiotics Wisely

Antibiotics are powerful tools against bacterial infections, but they are not a cure-all. By using them responsibly and only when prescribed, you can protect your health, prevent unnecessary side effects, and help combat the global threat of antimicrobial resistance.